Resistencias bacterianas: una amenaza a la supervivencia del paciente infectado

20 de enero de 2021 |
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Resistencias bacterianas: una amenaza a la supervivencia del paciente infectado


La resistencia es una respuesta que las bacterias expresan a los antimicrobianos para inhibir su efecto con el fin de sobrevivir. Los mecanismos por los que los agentes patógenos adquieren esta condición son variados:

Genéticos

  • Mutaciones en determinados genes cuya probabilidad aumenta conforme el inóculo bacteriano es mayor.
  • Transferencia de genes de otras bacterias que expresan resistencias. Depende de que las bacterias compartan nicho ecológico, de la asociación de los genes resistentes con elementos de transferencia como plásmidos, transposones o integrones y de la capacidad de la bacteria para integrar los elementos de transferencia (recombinación).

Selección

El uso de antibióticos elimina las bacterias sensibles y permiten la supervivencia de las resistentes. Es el más frecuente en la actualidad.

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