¿Conoces qué son los trastornos de ansiedad? Te lo explicamos
Descripción general de los trastornos de ansiedad
Los trastornos de ansiedad son los que comparten características de miedo y ansiedad excesivos, así como alteraciones conductuales asociadas. El miedo es una reacción emocional a una amenaza inminente, real o imaginaria, mientras que la ansiedad es una respuesta anticipatoria ante una amenaza futura.
Ambas respuestas se superponen, aunque también las podemos diferenciar ya que el miedo frecuentemente se asocia a accesos de activación autonómica necesarios para la defensa o la huida. En tanto que la ansiedad está más menudo asociada con tensión muscular, vigilancia en relación a un peligro futuro y comportamientos cautelosos o evitativos.
La crisis de pánico no es exclusiva de los trastornos de ansiedad, también se puede observar en otros trastornos mentales.
Los trastornos de ansiedad se diferencian entre sí según el tipo de objetos o situaciones que inducen el miedo, la ansiedad o la conductas evitativas, y según el contenido del pensamiento o creencias asociadas. Además, estos trastornos se distinguen del miedo o la ansiedad “normal” por ser excesivo, persistente (suelen tener una duración de 6 meses o más). Cada trastorno de ansiedad se diagnostica solo cuando los síntomas no son atribuidos a los efectos fisiológicos de una sustancia o medicamento, o no se explica mejor por otro trastorno mental.
Tipos de trastornos de ansiedad
Ansiedad por separación
El individuo con este tipo de trastorno se encuentra asustado o ansioso ante la separación de aquellas personas por las que siente apego en un grado que es inapropiado para el desarrollo. A menudo los síntomas de angustia se desarrollan en la infancia, aunque pueden manifestarse también en la edad adulta.
Mutismo selectivo
Se caracteriza por una incapacidad para hablar en las situaciones sociales en las que hay expectativas de hablar (ej. en la escuela), a pesar de que la persona habla en otras situaciones.
Fobia específica
Presentan miedo hacia situaciones u objetos precisos o los que evitan (p. ej. volar, a las alturas, a la administración de una inyección, ver sangre). En los niños, el miedo o la ansiedad se puede expresar con llantos, rabietas, quedarse paralizados o aferrarse. En ocasiones, la fobia específica se desarrolla tras un acontecimiento traumático, por modelamiento de otros individuos que sufren traumatismo, o por la transmisión de información sobre catástrofes. Además, es más común que los sujetos presenten múltiples fobias específicas.
Trastorno de ansiedad social (fobia social)
Tiene lugar cuando la persona siente miedo o ansiedad ante las interacciones sociales y las situaciones que implican la posibilidad de ser examinado, o bien las evita.
Trastornos de pánico
En este caso la persona experimenta recurrentes e inesperadas crisis de pánico. A su vez, está persistentemente intranquila o preocupada sobre tener nuevas crisis, o cambia de manera desadaptativa su comportamiento debido a las crisis de pánico.
Agorafobia
Ocurre cuando el individuo se siente temeroso o ansioso ante dos o más de las siguientes situaciones: uso del transporte público, estar en espacios abiertos, encontrarse en lugares cerrados, hacer colas o estar en una multitud, y encontrarse solos fuera de casa en otras situaciones.
Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada
Son una ansiedad persistente y excesiva, y una preocupación sobre varios aspectos, como el trabajo y el rendimiento escolar, que la persona percibe difíciles de controlar. Además, el sujeto experimenta síntomas físicos, como inquietud, nerviosismo, fatiga, dificultad para concentrarse, irritabilidad, tensión muscular y alteraciones del sueño.
Abordaje de los trastornos de ansiedad
Existen escalas específicas para cada trastorno que sirven para caracterizar mejor su gravedad y captar las variaciones de la misma en el transcurso del tiempo.
El tratamiento de los pacientes con trastorno de ansiedad debe ser especifico, puede abordarse mediante psicoterapia o farmacoterapia o ambos metodos combinados.
De las teorías que dan una explicación a los trastornos de ansiedad el enfoque psicodinámico sostiene que la ansiedad es una reacción de alarma que se presenta cuando la persona se siente amenazada.
Por otra parte, la perspectiva conductual centra su atención en las respuestas adquiridas y la tendencia de respuesta. Mientras que los teóricos cognitivos se basan en los procesos internos como la imaginacion y la manera en que pensamos de nosotros mismos y del mundo. Actualmente existen intervenciones cognitivo conductuales como la reestructuracion cognitiva o la desensibilizacion sistemática, que son útiles en los diferentes trastornos de ansiedad. Otras como las técnicas de respiración y relajación, de solución de problemas, de modelado o aprendizaje por observación, son también empleadas.
Conoce estos trastornos y más en el posgrado de Psiquiatría de 4Doctors Medical School. Si te gustaría saber más pulsa aquí.
I have read your article carefully and I agree with you very much. So, do you allow me to do this? I want to share your article link to my website: Cryptocurrency Prices
Reading your article has greatly helped me, and I agree with you. But I still have some questions. Can you help me? I will pay attention to your answer. thank you.
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
I don’t think the title of your article matches the content lol. Just kidding, mainly because I had some doubts after reading the article.
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
I am sorting out relevant information about gate io recently, and I saw your article, and your creative ideas are of great help to me. However, I have doubts about some creative issues, can you answer them for me? I will continue to pay attention to your reply. Thanks.
I am an investor of gate io, I have consulted a lot of information, I hope to upgrade my investment strategy with a new model. Your article creation ideas have given me a lot of inspiration, but I still have some doubts. I wonder if you can help me? Thanks.
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks!
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks! https://accounts.binance.com/ru/register?ref=V3MG69RO
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks! https://accounts.binance.com/bg/register?ref=T7KCZASX
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks! https://www.binance.com/fr/register?ref=OMM3XK51
Thank you for your shening. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your enticle that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me? https://accounts.binance.com/en/register?ref=P9L9FQKY
I may need your help. I’ve been doing research on gate io recently, and I’ve tried a lot of different things. Later, I read your article, and I think your way of writing has given me some innovative ideas, thank you very much.
Thank you for your shening. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your enticle that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me? https://accounts.binance.com/en/register?ref=P9L9FQKY
I may need your help. I tried many ways but couldn’t solve it, but after reading your article, I think you have a way to help me. I’m looking forward for your reply. Thanks.
The point of view of your article has taught me a lot, and I already know how to improve the paper on gate.oi, thank you. https://www.gate.io/pt-br/signup/XwNAU
Reading your article helped me a lot and I agree with you. But I still have some doubts, can you clarify for me? I’ll keep an eye out for your answers.
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me. https://accounts.binance.com/cs/register-person?ref=V3MG69RO
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks! https://accounts.binance.com/ro/register?ref=W0BCQMF1
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you. https://www.binance.com/de-CH/register?ref=YY80CKRN
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks! https://accounts.binance.com/ur/register?ref=P9L9FQKY
Good post! We will be linking to this particularly great post on our site. Keep up the great writing
This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger. I’ve joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your magnificent post. Also, I’ve shared your site in my social networks!
Admin, this was really amazing. Thank you for your kind considerations.
I loved as much as you will receive carried out right here The sketch is tasteful your authored subject matter stylish nonetheless you command get got an edginess over that you wish be delivering the following unwell unquestionably come further formerly again as exactly the same nearly very often inside case you shield this hike
I liked it as much as you did. Even though the picture and writing are good, you’re looking forward to what comes next. If you defend this walk, it will be pretty much the same every time.
I had a great time with that, too. Despite the high quality of the visuals and the prose, you find yourself eagerly anticipating what happens next. If you decide to defend this walk, it will basically be the same every time.
I sincerely appreciate that the website’s creator provided this amazing piece of writing here.
I loved even more than you will get done right here. The picture is nice, and your writing is stylish, but you seem to be rushing through it, and I think you should give it again soon. I’ll probably do that again and again if you protect this walk.
Thanks I have just been looking for information about this subject for a long time and yours is the best Ive discovered till now However what in regards to the bottom line Are you certain in regards to the supply
Hello my loved one I want to say that this post is amazing great written and include almost all significant infos I would like to look extra posts like this
The amount of affection that I had for you is indescribable. It does not matter how beautiful something is or how beautifully you have written it if you are only reading it quickly. It is my firm belief that you ought to give it another shot very soon. I am grateful that you have made certain that this hike is risk-free. I shall make an effort to go on it on multiple occasions.
My brother suggested I might like this blog He was totally right This post actually made my day You can not imagine simply how much time I had spent for this info Thanks
My brother suggested I might like this website He was totally right This post actually made my day You cannt imagine just how much time I had spent for this information Thanks
helloI like your writing very so much proportion we keep up a correspondence extra approximately your post on AOL I need an expert in this space to unravel my problem May be that is you Taking a look forward to see you
Thanks I have recently been looking for info about this subject for a while and yours is the greatest I have discovered so far However what in regards to the bottom line Are you certain in regards to the supply
What i do not realize is in fact how you are no longer actually much more wellfavored than you might be right now Youre very intelligent You recognize thus considerably in relation to this topic made me in my view believe it from numerous numerous angles Its like men and women are not fascinated until it is one thing to do with Lady gaga Your own stuffs excellent All the time handle it up
Hi my family member I want to say that this post is awesome nice written and come with approximately all significant infos I would like to peer extra posts like this
Usually I do not read article on blogs however I would like to say that this writeup very compelled me to take a look at and do it Your writing style has been amazed me Thank you very nice article
Hey there You have done a fantastic job I will certainly digg it and personally recommend to my friends Im confident theyll be benefited from this site
Normally I do not read article on blogs however I would like to say that this writeup very forced me to try and do so Your writing style has been amazed me Thanks quite great post
Fantastic site A lot of helpful info here Im sending it to some buddies ans additionally sharing in delicious And naturally thanks on your sweat
I do not even know how I ended up here but I thought this post was great I dont know who you are but definitely youre going to a famous blogger if you arent already Cheers
Somebody essentially lend a hand to make significantly articles Id state That is the very first time I frequented your website page and up to now I surprised with the research you made to make this actual submit amazing Wonderful task
thats great article….THANKS